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state politics in India
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Social Movements And Politics in India
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Definition and components of social movements Paul Wilkinson interprets social movement as “a deliberate collective endeavor to promote change in any direction and by any means, not excluding violence, illegality, revolution or withdrawal into ‘utopian’ community. Social movements are in this sense, obviously distinct from historical movements, upheavals or waves. It is obligatory to remember, in this connexion, however that such propensities and inclinations and the effect of the material or insensible factors in human behavior, may be of vital significance in enlightening the problems of interpreting and explaining social movement.” According to Herbert Blumer, “Social movements can be viewed as collective enterprises to establish a new order of life. They have their inception in the condition of unrest, and derive their motive power on the one hand from dissatisfaction with the current form of life, and on the other hand, from wishes and hopes for a new scheme or system of living.” Dong McAdam defines social movements as “ those organized efforts, on the part of excluded groups, to promote or resist changes in the structure of society that involve recourse to non-institutional forms of political participation.” In the words of Sidney Tarrow, “ collective challenges, based on common purposes and social solidarities in sustained interaction with elites, opponents and authorities.” Three crucial factors concurrent in the above definitions are noteworthy. They include (1) collective initiative, (2) social transformation, and (3) common purposes Hence, in the strict sense agitation or protests are quite different form social movements. Since, they recurrently do not seek to bring about social change. They do not interpret that. They are recoil to a certain state of conditions.
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